Sound and the minimap — Wiki
What gives you away: footsteps, gunshots on the minimap, voice chat and callouts.
Footsteps
You make footsteps only standing up, not aiming and on the ground, moving faster than 3.25 m/s forward, or 2.25 m/s backward or sideways. A step sounds about twice a second.
Silent: crouched, prone, or aiming down sights. Walking forward while leaning is silent too.
Jumping and landing always make a sound, crouched or aiming or not.
On a ladder you're silent climbing slower than 2 m/s.
Gunshots on the minimap
Every shot you fire shows you on every enemy's minimap, as a red dot, from any distance.
A single shot leaves the dot where you fired, for about a second. With an automatic weapon the dot follows you while you hold the trigger.
Your teammates are always on your minimap. Enemies show up only when they shoot.
There's no other radar, compass or spotting.
Voice chat
Voice chat is for your team only, push-to-talk. Enemies never hear you, and there's no proximity voice.
Dead and living teammates are in the same channel.
Callouts
Your character's callouts (reloading, grenade, getting hit) and your death scream reach your teammates only.
The bomb
Every player hears the planted bomb tick, anywhere on the map, and the armed site shows on everyone's screen and minimap. See Rounds and the bomb.
How far each of these sounds reaches is in How far sounds carry.